The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on playing'
Important note: This piece includes details of discriminatory language and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racial discrimination in rugby union led his career to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he told media outlets.
"I hoped to carry on competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply accept the fate and understand that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but said it could not gather enough evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also faced discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has placed significant attention on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to strive for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on creating welcoming cultures, with its success monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the filming of the documentary, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation works to reach children in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed on and off the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is willing to tell their story then I'll persist to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will feel about discussing their personal experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that the sport has the ability to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022